electron实例（一个例子教你入门）
总览
electron是目前最流行的桌面级开发框架。作为一个老测开，不能停下学习的脚本。下面我用一个electron制作了一个登陆的例子，用到的功能包含简单的ipc通信，页面跳转，引入jquery,bootstrap。下面开始我们的分解动作。
文件目录
该工程是我下载了github上的quick-start的工程，自己修改了main.js和index.html。添加了一个web-content/welcome.html页面。
- main.js是后端主进程文件
- index.html是首页
- welcome.html是登录成功之后的页面
main.js(主进程)
main.js也就是主进程。这里我贴出用处最大的ipc前后端通信的代码。
讲解：后端用的是ipcMain。前端用的是ipcRender，这个开发模式是发布/订阅模式。ipc.on()发布一个‘login’的监听消息。当前端发起‘login’的请求时，触发后台的funtion()。mainWindow控制页面跳转。mainWindow.loadFile(‘./web-content/welcome.html’)用当前窗口打开一个welcome页面。
let mainWindow
const ipc = require('electron').ipcMain
ipc.on('login', function(event, user_name,user_password) {
result='登录失败';
console.log(user_name,user_password); // 打印 "用户名密码"
if(user_name=="1" && user_password=="2"){
result='登录成功';
console.log(result);
//登录成功之后打开welcome页面
mainWindow.loadFile('./web-content/welcome.html')
}else{
console.log(result);
}
//因为是同步策略，所以用event.returnValue
event.returnValue = result;
console.log("end");
});index.html（首页）
首页效果如上图，用户名输入1，密码输入2，点击submit按钮开始登陆。
为了引用bootstrap，我们在最前面的<head>下加入bootstrap和jquery
<head>
<title>测试开发笔记</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script>if (typeof module === 'object') {window.module = module; module = undefined;}</script>
<script>if (window.module) module = window.module;</script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>ipcRenderer连接后端，通过sendSync来同步发送消息，发送用户名和密码到后端，如果为真，新窗口打开github首页。用了jquery的$定位元素。用了.val()获得元素里填写的值，.afrer()在指定位置后添加元素。
<script>
function connectMain() {
const ipcRenderer = require('electron').ipcRenderer;
var user_name=$("#input_username").val()
var user_password=$("#input_userpassword").val()
result=ipcRenderer.sendSync('login',user_name,user_password)
if(result=="登录成功"){
const remote = require('electron').remote;
const BrowserWindow = remote.BrowserWindow;
var win = new BrowserWindow({ width: 800, height: 600 });
win.loadURL('https://github.com');
// BrowserWindow.loadURL('https://github.com');
}
else{
console.log($("#input_username"))
var txt1="<div>密码错误</div>";
$("#input_userpassword").after(txt1)
}
console.log(result)
}
</script>完整代码
main.js
// Modules to control application life and create native browser window
const {app, BrowserWindow,Menu,shell} = require('electron')
// Keep a global reference of the window object, if you don't, the window will
// be closed automatically when the JavaScript object is garbage collected.
let mainWindow
const ipc = require('electron').ipcMain
ipc.on('login', function(event, user_name,user_password) {
result='登录失败';
console.log(user_name,user_password); // 打印 "用户名密码"
if(user_name=="1" && user_password=="2"){
result='登录成功';
console.log(result);
//登录成功之后打开welcome页面
mainWindow.loadFile('./web-content/welcome.html')
}else{
console.log(result);
}
//因为是同步策略，所以用event.returnValue
event.returnValue = result;
console.log("end");
});
function createWindow () {
// Create the browser window.
mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({width: 800, height: 600})
// and load the index.html of the app.
mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
// Open the DevTools.
// mainWindow.webContents.openDevTools()
// Emitted when the window is closed.
mainWindow.on('closed', function () {
// Dereference the window object, usually you would store windows
// in an array if your app supports multi windows, this is the time
// when you should delete the corresponding element.
mainWindow = null
})
}
// This method will be called when Electron has finished
// initialization and is ready to create browser windows.
// Some APIs can only be used after this event occurs.
app.on('ready', () => {
createWindow()
})
// Quit when all windows are closed.
app.on('window-all-closed', function () {
// On OS X it is common for applications and their menu bar
// to stay active until the user quits explicitly with Cmd + Q
if (process.platform !== 'darwin') {
app.quit()
}
})
app.on('activate', function () {
// On OS X it's common to re-create a window in the app when the
// dock icon is clicked and there are no other windows open.
if (mainWindow === null) {
createWindow()
}
})
// In this file you can include the rest of your app's specific main process
// code. You can also put them in separate files and require them here.
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>测试开发笔记</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script>if (typeof module === 'object') {window.module = module; module = undefined;}</script>
<script>if (window.module) module = window.module;</script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container-fluid">
<h1 class="page-header">electron-bootstrap实例</h1>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-offset-8 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-4 col-sm-6">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-body">
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="input_username">用户名</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="input_username" placeholder="Email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="input_userpassword">密码</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="input_userpassword" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> 记住密码
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" id="abc" class="btn btn-default" onclick="connectMain()">开始登陆</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
function connectMain() {
const ipcRenderer = require('electron').ipcRenderer;
var user_name=$("#input_username").val()
var user_password=$("#input_userpassword").val()
result=ipcRenderer.sendSync('login',user_name,user_password)
if(result=="登录成功"){
const remote = require('electron').remote;
const BrowserWindow = remote.BrowserWindow;
var win = new BrowserWindow({ width: 800, height: 600 });
win.loadURL('https://github.com');
// BrowserWindow.loadURL('https://github.com');
}
else{
console.log($("#input_username"))
var txt1="<div>密码错误</div>";
$("#input_userpassword").after(txt1)
}
console.log(result)
}
</script>
</body>
<script src="./renderer.js"></script>
</html>
welcome.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>es2105的写法</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
hello,world
</body>
</html>renderer.js
function connectMain() {
const ipcRenderer = require('electron').ipcRenderer;
var user_name=$("#input_username").val()
var user_password=$("#input_userpassword").val()
result=ipcRenderer.sendSync('login',user_name,user_password)
if(result=="登录成功"){
const remote = require('electron').remote;
const BrowserWindow = remote.BrowserWindow;
var win = new BrowserWindow({ width: 800, height: 600 });
win.loadURL('https://github.com');
// BrowserWindow.loadURL('https://github.com');
}
else{
console.log($("#input_username"))
var txt1="<div>密码错误</div>";
$("#input_userpassword").after(txt1)
}
console.log(result)
}package.json
{
"name": "electron-quick-start",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "A minimal Electron application",
"main": "main.js",
"scripts": {
"start": "electron ."
},
"repository": "https://github.com/electron/electron-quick-start",
"keywords": [
"Electron",
"quick",
"start",
"tutorial",
"demo"
],
"author": "GitHub",
"license": "CC0-1.0",
"devDependencies": {
"electron": "^2.0.0"
},
"dependencies": {
"bootstrap": "^4.1.3",
"electron-json-storage": "^4.1.4",
"jquery": "^1.12.4",
"popper.js": "^1.14.4"
}
}
参考
https://wizardforcel.gitbooks.io/electron-doc/content/api/ipc-main.html
https://electronjs.org/docs/tutorial/first-app